Piping

In this article, the concept of bonding in process piping is explained from the standpoint of static electricity control. Inside a pipeline, fluid is continuously flowing. Due to friction between the fluid and the pipe wall, electric charge is transferred, and the fluid becomes electrostatically charged (flow electrification). When a section of piping becomes electrically isolated—for example, by a flange gasket made of a non‑conductive material—the accumulated charge cannot dissipate and continues to build up. Under such conditions, a static discharge may occur from the piping, creating an ignition source. For plants handling flammable fluids, this phenomenon presents a credible ...

When calculating the flow rate of an orifice, the "Discharge Coefficient (Cd​)" is a crucial factor. Did you know that the value of Cd​ changes significantly depending on the shape and thickness of the orifice plate? This article provides a technical explanation of the orifice flow coefficient and its dependence on orifice geometry. Orifice flow calculations are routinely employed in the design of restriction orifices and in flow measurement using orifice plates. In many such calculations the flow coefficient appears as a necessary parameter. This document explains the origin of the flow coefficient and how to allocate its components according ...